Retinopathy of prematurity: how we got here, our current understanding, and future areas to study.

David K. Wallace, MD, MPH
Chair, Department of Ophthalmology
Marilyn K. Glick Professor of Ophthalmology

Charline S. Boente, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology & Residency Program Director

Kathryn M. Haider, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology & Director of Clinical Research

At the conclusion of the conference, learners will be able to:

1. Understand the history of ROP through reviewing landmark clinical trials.

2. Understand how we clinically treat ROP through case examples.

3. Understand our current limitations and future directions of ROP research.

Selected references:

1. Cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity cooperative group. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: preliminary results. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106:471-479.

2. Early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity cooperative group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1684-1694.

3. Mintz-Hittner HA, Kennedy KA, Chuang AZ. BEAT-ROP cooperative group: efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med 2011;364(7):603-615.

4. Wallace DK, Kraker RT, Freedman SF, Crouch ER, Hutchinson AK, Bhatt AR, Rogers DL, Yang MB, Haider KM, VanderVeen DK, Siatkowski RM, Dean TW, Beck RW, Repka MX, Smith LE, Good WV, Hartnett ME, Kong L, Holmes JM; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG). Assessment of Lower Doses of Intravitreous Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Phase 1 Dosing Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017;135:654-656.

5. Wallace DK, Dean TW, Hartnett ME, Kong L, Smith LE, Hubbard GB, McGregor ML, Jordan CO, Mantagos IS, Bell EF, Kraker RT; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Dosing Study of Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Late Recurrences and Additional Treatments. Ophthalmology 2018;125:1961-1966.

6. Crouch ER, Kraker RT, Wallace DK, Holmes JM, Repka MX, Collinge JE, Bremer DL, Gray ME, Smith HA, Steinkuller PG; Writing Committee for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Secondary 12-Month Ocular Outcomes of a Phase 1 Dosing Study of Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019;138:14-20.

7. Wallace DK, Kraker RT, Freedman SF, Crouch ER, Bhatt AR, Hartnett ME, Yang MB, Rogers DL, Hutchinson AK, VanderVeen DK, Haider KM, Siatkowski RM, Dean TW, Beck RW, Repka MX, Smith LE, Good WV, Kong L, Cotter SA, Holmes JM; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG). Short-term Outcomes After Very Low-Dose Intravitreous Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 23. [Epub ahead of print]

8. https://aao-resources-enformehosting.s3.amazonaws.com/resources/Pediatrics_Center/ROP-Training/index.html

9. Gole GA, Ells AL, et al. The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmology. 2005;123(7):991-999. Doi:10.1001/archopht.123.7.991

10. Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP-ROP), a randomized controlled trial. I: primary outcomes.  Pediatrics. 2000 Feb;105(2);295-310. Doi:10.1542/peds.105.2.295

11. SUPPORT study group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Target Ranges of Oxygen Saturation in Extremely Preterm Infants. N Eng J Med 2010; 362:1959-1969. Doi: 10.10056/NEJMoa0911781

12. Morin J, et al. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Bevacizumab Injections for Retinopathy of Prematurity.  Pediatrics 2016 April.

13.  Quinn et al for the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Ph2017ase Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group.  Detection of Potentially Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity by Remote Image Grading.  JAMA Ophthalmology. 2017;135(9):982-986. Doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2747